The Universe Counts

Where are the planets right now?

4,348,009,063

kilometres · Neptune's distance from Earth

  1. About 29 times the distance from Earth to the Sun.
  2. An airliner at cruising speed would take 547 years to cover it.

Right now Neptune is in the evening sky, after sunset. You need a telescope to see it.

Right now Mercury is 103 million kilometres from Earth, Venus 41.6 million, Mars 215 million, Jupiter 825 million and Saturn 1.3 billion. Farther out, Uranus is 2.8 billion away, and Neptune, the most distant planet, 4.3 billion.

Every one of those numbers is changing as you read, because every planet, ours included, is moving round the Sun. They are worked out live from NASA JPL's orbit data, from the centre of Earth to the centre of each planet.

Mercury's distance from Earth
103,025,657 km
Measured
Live · as of 31 Oct 2026
Venus's distance from Earth
41,609,833 km
Measured
Live · as of 31 Oct 2026
Mars's distance from Earth
215,383,806 km
Measured
Live · as of 31 Oct 2026
Jupiter's distance from Earth
824,738,724 km
Measured
Live · as of 31 Oct 2026

Eight worlds round one star

The planets are the eight large worlds that circle the Sun. The four nearest it, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are small, with solid, rocky surfaces. The four beyond them are giants. Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants, Uranus and Neptune ice giants, and none of them has a hard surface to stand on.

They are spread over a huge distance. Earth circles about 150 million kilometres from the Sun, and astronomers use that distance as a measuring stick, the astronomical unit. Neptune is about 30 times as far out. Even sunlight needs 4.2 hours to get there.

Smaller still are the dwarf planets: Pluto, out beyond Neptune, and Ceres, in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Both are round and circle the Sun. But in 2006 the International Astronomical Union decided that a planet must also have cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit. These two share theirs with many other bodies.

Why the distances never stand still

Every planet circles the Sun at its own pace, and the nearer the Sun, the faster it goes. Mercury moves at 47.36 kilometres per second and races round in about 88 days. Neptune moves at 5.45 kilometres per second and needs 165 Earth years for one lap. Only in 2011 did it finish its first lap since it was found in 1846.

Earth is moving too. Since you opened this page, it has carried you 0 kilometres round the Sun. So the gap to every other planet keeps opening and closing. When Earth overtakes an outer planet, or an inner planet overtakes Earth, the two come close. When they are on opposite sides of the Sun, the gap is widest.

For the far planets the swing is small next to the distance. Between 1900 and 2100, Neptune's farthest is only about 1.1 times its closest. For our neighbours it is huge. Venus can come within 38.2 million kilometres, then swing out to 261 million, about 6.8 times as far. Mars swings between 54.6 million and 401 million kilometres.

Light from the planets

A planet doesn't make its own light. It shines with sunlight it reflects, and that light takes time to cross the gap to us. Today it needs 12 minutes to reach us from Mars, 46 minutes from Jupiter and 4 hours from Neptune. The wait changes with the distance. From Venus it runs from 2.1 minutes at its closest to 15 minutes at its farthest.

Radio waves are a kind of light too. A message to a spacecraft out there waits just as long, and an answer needs as long again to come back.

So you never see a planet as it is. You see it as it was when that light set out. Light that leaves Neptune as you sit down to breakfast reaches Earth around lunchtime.

Where to look tonight

The planets all travel close to one flat plane, the one Earth's orbit makes. They formed from the flat, spinning disc round the young Sun, and they still move in nearly the same plane. So from here they follow nearly the same path across the sky as the Sun and the Moon. Astronomers call that path the ecliptic.

A planet east of the Sun in our sky sets after it, so it shines in the evening. A planet west of the Sun rises before it, in the morning sky. An outer planet opposite the Sun rises as the Sun sets and is up all night. And a planet close to the Sun in the sky is lost in its glare. Mercury and Venus never stray far from the Sun, so we only see them in twilight, after sunset or before sunrise.

Five planets can be seen without a telescope: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Uranus is only just visible to sharp eyes under a dark sky, and only if you know exactly where to look. Neptune always needs a telescope. Each planet's page here says where it is in the sky right now.

Do the planets ever line up?

In a way, they always do. Because they share one flat plane, the planets always appear along a line or a gentle arc across our sky. We look at that plane from inside it, edge-on, like one runner watching the others on a racetrack.

Every few years, four or five of the bright planets are up at the same time, strung along that path. People call this a planet parade, but it is not a term astronomers use. It isn't a single night either: the planets move slowly, so a parade lasts days or weeks, sometimes more. NASA lists one for late October 2028, with five planets before sunrise.

In space, the planets are not in a straight line during a parade. They are scattered round the Sun, at very different distances, in different directions. Only from where we stand do they seem to line up.

And a line-up does nothing to Earth. The planets are too far away for their pull to matter here. All of them together raise far smaller tides on Earth than the Moon or the Sun, wherever they are.

Questions people ask

Which planet is closest to Earth?

It depends on the day: the live distances at the top of this page show which one it is now. Venus comes closest of all, within 38.2 million kilometres. But averaged over time, Mercury is the nearest planet to us, at about 1.04 astronomical units against Venus's 1.14. Mercury never strays far from the Sun, so it is never very far from us either.

What is the farthest planet from Earth?

Neptune. Right now it is 4.3 billion kilometres away, and its light takes 4 hours to reach us. Pluto is often farther still, but it is a dwarf planet.

How long does light take to reach us from the planets?

From minutes to hours. When Venus is at its closest, its light needs only 2.1 minutes. Today light needs 12 minutes from Mars, 1.2 hours from Saturn and 4 hours from Neptune. Sunlight itself takes 499 seconds to reach us.

Can I see the planets tonight?

On most nights, weather permitting, at least one. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn can all be seen without a telescope. Mercury and Venus only appear in twilight, after sunset or before sunrise. Look along the path the Sun takes across the sky. Each planet's page here says where it is right now.

Do the planets ever line up?

They always appear along one line across our sky, because they orbit in nearly the same flat plane. Every few years four or five bright ones are up together, a so-called planet parade. In space they are not in a straight line, and a line-up has no effect on Earth.

How do we know?

Every number on this page, and where it comes from

FactValueCertaintySourceAs of
Distance to Proxima Centauri4.2465 lyMeasured, with errorESA
Astronomy & Astrophysics
ESA
1 Jan 2016
Earth's average distance from the Sun1.0000 AUMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
1 Jan 2000
Earth's average distance from the Sun in kilometres150,000,000 kmMeasuredNASA
22 Oct 2026
Earth's speed around the Sun29.78 km/sMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
18 Oct 2026
Jupiter's average distance from the Sun5.2034 AUMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
1 Jan 2000
Jupiter's distance from Earth824,738,722 kmMeasuredNASA JPL
NASA NSSDCA
31 Oct 2026
Largest distance between Earth and Neptune, 1900 to 21004,686,100,000 kmMeasuredNASA JPL
NASA NSSDCA
28 Oct 2026
Largest possible distance between Earth and Mars401,400,000 kmMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
27 Oct 2026
Largest possible distance between Earth and Venus261,000,000 kmMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
28 Oct 2026
Length of a solar day on Earth24 h 00 m 00 sMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
28 Oct 2026
Length of a year on Mercury0.2408 yearsMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
27 Oct 2026
Length of a year on Neptune165 yearsMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
27 Oct 2026
Mars's distance from Earth215,383,805 kmMeasuredNASA JPL
NASA NSSDCA
31 Oct 2026
Mercury's average distance from Earth, over time1.04 AUMeasuredPhysics Today (AIP)
NASA JPL
28 Oct 2026
Mercury's average speed around the Sun47.36 km/sMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
NASA Science
28 Oct 2026
Mercury's distance from Earth103,025,656 kmMeasuredNASA JPL
NASA NSSDCA
31 Oct 2026
Neptune's average distance from the Sun30.0690 AUMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
1 Jan 2000
Neptune's average speed around the Sun5.45 km/sMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
28 Oct 2026
Neptune's distance from Earth4,348,009,065 kmMeasuredNASA JPL
NASA NSSDCA
31 Oct 2026
Saturn's distance from Earth1,277,687,673 kmMeasuredNASA JPL
NASA NSSDCA
31 Oct 2026
Smallest distance between Earth and Neptune, 1900 to 21004,310,500,000 kmMeasuredNASA JPL
NASA NSSDCA
28 Oct 2026
Smallest possible distance between Earth and Mars54,600,000 kmMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
27 Oct 2026
Smallest possible distance between Earth and Venus38,200,000 kmMeasuredNASA NSSDCA
28 Oct 2026
Speed of light in a vacuum299,792.458 km/sMeasuredBIPM
27 Oct 2026
The Moon's average distance from Earth384,400 kmMeasuredNASA
22 Oct 2026
Time sunlight takes to reach Earth, at the mean Earth–Sun distance (1 au)8 m 19 sMeasuredInternational Astronomical Union (hosted by SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris)
BIPM
NASA NSSDCA
28 Oct 2026
Typical cruising speed of a long-haul airliner907 km/hEstimatedEUROCONTROL
EUROCONTROL
27 Oct 2026
Venus's average distance from Earth, over time1.14 AUMeasuredPhysics Today (AIP)
NASA JPL
28 Oct 2026
Venus's distance from Earth41,609,833 kmMeasuredNASA JPL
NASA NSSDCA
31 Oct 2026
Voyager 1's distance from the Sun25,762,356,707 kmMeasuredNASA JPL
31 Oct 2026
Voyager 1's distance from the Sun when it crossed the heliopause121.6 AUMeasuredAmerican Geophysical Union
NASA JPL
NASA
25 Aug 2012

Every light in that sky is a world on its own track, and you are riding one of them. Which one will you look for first?